Japigët

	Fiset ilire
• Albanët	• Autariatët
• Arbët	• Ardianët
• Atintanët	• Dalmatët
• Dardanët	• Dasaretët
• Daorsët	• Enkelejtë
• Eordejët	• Japigët
• Japodët	• Kaonët
• Labeatët	• Mesapët
• Molosët	• Paionët
• Parathinët	• Penestët
• Pirustët	• Taulantët
• Thesprorët	• Shqiptarët

Japigët ose iapyges kanë qenë një fis antik ilir, i shpërngulur nga Gadishulli Ballkanik në pjesën jugore të Gadishullit Apenin (sot Italia Jugore) rreth fillimit të mijëvejeçarit të fundit të p.e.r. Ata fillimisht ishin vendosur në Gadishullin e Garganos, pastaj në Pulia (Kalabria antike) dhe për tu vendosur përfundimisht në jug të saj, në hyrjen e Ngushticës së Otrantos. Autorët antik emrin e japygëve e kanë përdorur si emërtim përmbledhës për një varg popullsish: mesapët, salentinët, kalabrët, peucetët (pericezët) dhe daunët, që banonin në Pulia. Shpesh emri i japigëve është ngatërruar me mesapët që u vendosën në këtë krahinë më vonë se japigët, por që shumë shpejt kaluan në epërsi ndaj tyre.

Iapyges apo edhe Iapygians sic njihen kjo popullsi protoindoeuropeane e cila pati banuar ne token e Italise Jugore (Apulia Pulia moderne) perpara se te asimiloheshin nga romaket.

Identiteti[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]

Japigët kane nje prejardhe jo shume te qarte^[1]^[2] por që me shume gjasa kanë ardhur nga Iliria.^[3] Ata flisnin gjuhen mesape bashkë me mesapët dhe dy fiset tjera Daunët dhe Peucetët.^[4]

Shih edhe[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]

Literatura[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]

Adams, James N. (2003). Bilingualism and the Latin Language (në anglisht). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81771-4.
Boardman, John; Sollberger, E. (1982). J. Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; N. G. L. Hammond; E. Sollberger (red.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. (në anglisht). Vëll. 3/1 (bot. 2). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521224969.
De Simone, Carlo (2017). "Messapic". përmbledhur nga Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (red.). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics (në anglisht). Vëll. 3. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-054243-1.
Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004). Indo-European Language and Culture (në anglisht). Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-0316-7.
Fronda, Michael P. (2006). "Livy 9.20 and Early Roman Imperialism in Apulia". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte (në anglisht). 55 (4): 397–417. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4436827.
Graham, A. J. (1982). "The Colonial Expansion of Greece". përmbledhur nga John Boardman; N. G. L. Hammond (red.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. (në anglisht). Vëll. 3/3 (bot. 2). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521234476.
Gruen, Erich S. (2005). Cultural borrowings and ethnic appropriations in antiquity (në anglisht). F. Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-08735-3.
Krahe, Hans (1946). "Die illyrische Naniengebung (Die Götternamen)" (PDF). Jarhbücher f. d. Altertumswiss (në gjermanisht). fq. 199–204. Arkivuar nga origjinali (PDF) më 7 mars 2019. Marrë më 19 gusht 2020.
Lamboley, Jean-Luc (2019). "Les cultes de l'Adriatique méridionale à l'époque républicaine". përmbledhur nga Christiane, Delplace (red.). Les cultes polythéistes dans l'Adriatique romaine (në frëngjisht). Ausonius Éditions. ISBN 978-2-35613-260-4.
Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (në anglisht). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
Marchesini, Simona (2009). Le lingue frammentarie dell'Italia antica: manuale per lo studio delle lingue preromane (në italisht). U. Hoepli. ISBN 978-88-203-4166-4.
Matzinger, Joachim (2017). "The Lexicon of Albanian". përmbledhur nga Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (red.). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics (në anglisht). Vëll. 3. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-054243-1.
McInerney, Jeremy (2014). A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean (në anglisht). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-3734-1.
Pallottino, Massimo (1992). "The Beliefs and Rites of the Apulians, an Indigenous People of Southeastern Italy". përmbledhur nga Bonnefoy, Yves (red.). Roman and European Mythologies (në anglisht). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-06455-0.
Salvemini, Biagio; Massafra, Angelo, red. (2005). Storia della Puglia. Dalle origini al Seicento (në italisht). Vëll. 1. Laterza. ISBN 8842077992.
Small, Alastair (2014). "Pots, Peoples and Places in Fourth-Century B.C.E. Apulia". përmbledhur nga Carpenter, T. H.; Lynch, K. M.; Robinson, E. G. D. (red.). The Italic People of Ancient Apulia: New Evidence from Pottery for Workshops, Markets, and Customs (në anglisht). Cambridge University Press. fq. 13–35. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107323513.004. ISBN 978-1-139-99270-1.
F. W. Walbank; A. E. Astin; M. W. Frederiksen; R. M. Ogilvie, red. (1989). "Rome and Italy in the Early Third Century". The Cambridge Ancient History: The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C. (në anglisht). Vëll. 7/2 (bot. 2). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23446-8.
West, Morris L. (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth (në anglisht). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199280759.
Wilkes, J. J. (1992). The Illyrians (në anglisht). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

Referime[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]

^ Outline of Universal History, Volume 1 by George Park Fisher,2009,page 232,"... now Calabria, and in Apulia, there was another people, the Iapygians, whose origin is not certain, but who were not so far removed ..."
^ The student's atlas of classical geography, consisting of fiteen maps, constructed and engraved by Edward Weller ... and descriptive letterpress by Leonhard Schmitz ... With index. by Michigan Historical Reprint Series,2005,page 14,"... four classes. In the south-eastern peninsula we meet with the Iapygians, of unknown origin : Central Italy contained a great number of tribes, such ..."
^ Talbert, Richard J. A. Atlas of Classical History. Routledge, 1985, ISBN 0-415-03463-9, p. 85. "...from Illyrians, known as Iapyges, who settled first in the heel of Italy and then spread north..."
^ Peck, Harry Thurston. Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1898, "Apulia". "A district which included, in its widest signification, the whole of the southeast of Italy from the river Frento to the promontory Iapygium. In its narrower sense it was the country east of Samnium, on both sides of the Aufidus, the Daunia and Peucetia of the Greeks; the southeast part was called Calabria by the Romans. The Greeks gave the name of Daunia to the north part of the country from the Frento to the Aufidus, of Peucetia to the country from the Aufidus to Tarentum and Brundusium, and of Iapygia or Messapia to the whole of the remaining southern part; though they sometimes included under Iapygia all Apulia in its widest meaning. The country was very fertile, especially in the neighbourhood of Tarentum, and the mountains afforded excellent pasturage. The population was of a mixed nature: they were for the most part of Illyrian origin, and are said to have settled in the country under the guidance of Iapyx, Daunius, and Peucetius, three sons of an Illyrian king, Lycaon. Subsequently many towns were founded by Greek colonists. The Apulians joined the Samnites against the Romans, and became subject to the latter on the conquest of the Samnites."

[1] Outline of Universal History, Volume 1 by George Park Fisher,2009,page 232,"... now Calabria, and in Apulia, there was another people, the Iapygians, whose origin is not certain, but who were not so far removed ..."

[2] The student's atlas of classical geography, consisting of fiteen maps, constructed and engraved by Edward Weller ... and descriptive letterpress by Leonhard Schmitz ... With index. by Michigan Historical Reprint Series,2005,page 14,"... four classes. In the south-eastern peninsula we meet with the Iapygians, of unknown origin : Central Italy contained a great number of tribes, such ..."

[3] Talbert, Richard J. A. Atlas of Classical History. Routledge, 1985, ISBN 0-415-03463-9, p. 85. "...from Illyrians, known as Iapyges, who settled first in the heel of Italy and then spread north..."

[4] Peck, Harry Thurston. Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1898, "Apulia". "A district which included, in its widest signification, the whole of the southeast of Italy from the river Frento to the promontory Iapygium. In its narrower sense it was the country east of Samnium, on both sides of the Aufidus, the Daunia and Peucetia of the Greeks; the southeast part was called Calabria by the Romans. The Greeks gave the name of Daunia to the north part of the country from the Frento to the Aufidus, of Peucetia to the country from the Aufidus to Tarentum and Brundusium, and of Iapygia or Messapia to the whole of the remaining southern part; though they sometimes included under Iapygia all Apulia in its widest meaning. The country was very fertile, especially in the neighbourhood of Tarentum, and the mountains afforded excellent pasturage. The population was of a mixed nature: they were for the most part of Illyrian origin, and are said to have settled in the country under the guidance of Iapyx, Daunius, and Peucetius, three sons of an Illyrian king, Lycaon. Subsequently many towns were founded by Greek colonists. The Apulians joined the Samnites against the Romans, and became subject to the latter on the conquest of the Samnites."

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