Diskutim:Hakeri

Nga Wikipedia, Enciklopedia e Lirë

Shko te: navigacion, kërko

[redaktoni] Çfarë është hakeri dhe historia e hak(er)imit

Kushtuar Eagelal!

Wikipedia

Hacker is a term often applied to computer software or computer hardware programmers, designers and administrators, especially those who are perceived as experts or highly accomplished in this field. A hacker is also a term used for someone who modifies electronics such as ham radio transceivers, printers or even home sprinkler systems for better functionality or performance. The term usually bears strong connotations that may be favorable or pejorative depending on cultural context (see the hacker definition controversy).

In computer programming, a hacker is a software designer and programmer who builds programs and systems that garner the respect of one's peers. A hacker may also be a programmer who reaches a goal by employing a series of modifications to exploit or extend existing code or resources. For some, "hacker" has a negative connotation and refers to a person who gains illegal access to computers (hacks) or uses kludges to accomplish programming tasks that are ugly, inelegant, and inefficient. This derogatory form of the noun "hack" is even used among users of the positive sense of "hacker" (some argue that it should not be, due to this negative meaning; others argue that some kludges can, for all their ugliness and imperfection, still have "hack value").

In computer security, a hacker is a person who specializes in work with the security mechanisms for computer and network systems. While including those who endeavor to strengthen such mechanisms, it is more often used by the mass media and popular culture to refer to those who seek access despite these security measures.

In other technical fields, hacker is extended to mean a person who makes things work beyond perceived limits through their own technical skill, such as a hardware hacker, or reality hacker.

Lidhjet ndër-rrjetore:

Lexo, lexo, lexo, dhe përsëri lexo! (hakerat)

Besoj se me kaq mjafton. Shndet! Leke Mjeku 8 Gusht 2007 19:48 (UTC)

E mora vesh dhe e dija qe modifikojne hardware por someone who modifies electronics such as ham radio transceivers, printers or even home sprinkler systems for better functionality or performance. Ne kontekstine si ti e kishe vene jepte dene e nje krakeri. ::Nje person qe modifikone hardware dhe software, pa license quhet cracker (person who gains illegal access to computers (hacks) or uses kludges to accomplish programming tasks that are ugly, inelegant, and inefficient) jo hacker. Mos i keqkupto.
Ne shume raste perdoret Hacker edhe per te nenvizuar persona te paligjshem, prandaj ne shume fjalor Hacker vendoset edhe ne negativitet, kur ne te vertet duhet quajtur Cracker.
  1. http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html#what_is
  2. http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/index.html
  3. http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/H/hacker.html
Lart ke kodin Jargon nje nga me te vleshmit e Hackerave. --Eagleal  8 Gusht 2007 21:06 (UTC)
Several alternative terms such as "black hat" and "cracker" were coined in an effort to distinguish between those performing criminal activities, and those whose activities were the legal ones referred to more frequently in the historical use of the term "hack". Analogous terms such as "white hats" and "gray hats" developed as a result. However, since network news use of the term pertained primarily to the criminal activities despite this attempt by the technical community to preserve and distinguish the original meaning, the mainstream media and general public continue to describe computer criminals with all levels of technical sophistication as "hackers" and does not generally make use of the word in any of its non-criminal connotations.
Po te bej nje shembull: Une quhem Eagle Al dhe merrem me perforcimin e siguris informative. Del nje tjeter me mbiemrin Al qe merret me thyerje te siguris kompjuterike dhe vjedhje informacioni. Media tani e bene qe çdo njeri me mbiemrin "Al" eshte nje person qe vjedh informacione, kur nuk eshte e vertet. Prandaj ka lindur emri Cracker per ta diferencjuar nga Hackeri. --Eagleal  8 Gusht 2007 21:18 (UTC)

Tjeta Eagleal!

Jam shum i sigurt qe ju s´i keni lexu me vemendje lidhesit (links-at) e mi te masiperm (po vetem ndoshta shiku perciptazi), se po ti kishit lexu do te kishit kuptu (apo valle jo) se ça asht hakeri e krakeri e ku qendron dallimi mes tyne. Kshtu do t´m kishit kursy edhe mu shum koh t vlefshme.

Kto jane pjes nga lidhesit (links-at) tuj per t´ju tregu se ça e si e kuptoj un se kush asht hakeri e krakeri.

1. Lidhsi i par.

The hacker mind-set is not confined to this software-hacker culture. There are people who apply the hacker attitude to other things, like electronics or music — actually, you can find it at the highest levels of any science or art.

There is another group of people who loudly call themselves hackers, but aren't. These are people (mainly adolescent males) who get a kick out of breaking into computers and phreaking the phone system. Real hackers call these people ‘crackers’ and want nothing to do with them. Real hackers mostly think crackers are lazy, irresponsible, and not very bright, and object that being able to break security doesn't make you a hacker any more than being able to hotwire cars makes you an automotive engineer. Unfortunately, many journalists and writers have been fooled into using the word ‘hacker’ to describe crackers; this irritates real hackers no end.

The basic difference is this: hackers build things, crackers break them.

Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help.

Though most hackers self-describe as programmers, they are very likely to be more than competent in several related skills — system administration, web design, and PC hardware troubleshooting are common ones.

3. Lidhesi i dyt.

From the early 1980s onward, a flourishing culture of local, MS-DOS-based bulletin boards developed separately from Internet hackerdom. The BBS culture has, as its seamy underside, a stratum of ‘pirate boards’ inhabited by crackers, phone phreaks, and warez d00dz. These people (mostly teenagers running IBM-PC clones from their bedrooms) have developed their own characteristic jargon, heavily influenced by skateboard lingo and underground-rock slang. While BBS technology essentially died out after the Great Internet Explosion, the cracker culture moved to IRC and other Internet-based network channels and maintained a semi-underground existence.

Though crackers often call themselves ‘hackers’, they aren't (they typically have neither significant programming ability, nor Internet expertise, nor experience with UNIX or other true multi-user systems). Their vocabulary has little overlap with hackerdom's, and hackers regard them with varying degrees of contempt. But ten years on the brightest crackers tend to become hackers, and sometimes to recall their origins by using cracker slang in a marked and heavily ironic way.

This lexicon covers much of cracker slang (which is often called “leet-speak”) so the reader will be able to understand both what leaks out of the cracker underground and the occasional ironic use by hackers.

cracker: n. One who breaks security on a system. Coined ca. 1985 by hackers in defense against journalistic misuse of hacker (q.v., sense 8). An earlier attempt to establish worm in this sense around 1981--82 on Usenet was largely a failure.

Use of both these neologisms reflects a strong revulsion against the theft and vandalism perpetrated by cracking rings. The neologism “cracker” in this sense may have been influenced not so much by the term “safe-cracker” as by the non-jargon term “cracker”, which in Middle English meant an obnoxious person (e.g., “What cracker is this same that deafs our ears / With this abundance of superfluous breath?” — Shakespeare's King John, Act II, Scene I) and in modern colloquial American English survives as a barely gentler synonym for “white trash”.

While it is expected that any real hacker will have done some playful cracking and knows many of the basic techniques, anyone past larval stage is expected to have outgrown the desire to do so except for immediate, benign, practical reasons (for example, if it's necessary to get around some security in order to get some work done).

Thus, there is far less overlap between hackerdom and crackerdom than the mundane reader misled by sensationalistic journalism might expect. Crackers tend to gather in small, tight-knit, very secretive groups that have little overlap with the huge, open poly-culture this lexicon describes; though crackers often like to describe themselves as hackers, most true hackers consider them a separate and lower form of life. An easy way for outsiders to spot the difference is that crackers use grandiose screen names that conceal their identities. Hackers never do this; they only rarely use noms de guerre at all, and when they do it is for display rather than concealment.

Ethical considerations aside, hackers figure that anyone who can't imagine a more interesting way to play with their computers than breaking into someone else's has to be pretty losing. Some other reasons crackers are looked down on are discussed in the entries on cracking and phreaking. See also samurai, dark-side hacker, and hacker ethic. For a portrait of the typical teenage cracker, see warez d00dz.

cracking: n. [very common] The act of breaking into a computer system; what a cracker does. Contrary to widespread myth, this does not usually involve some mysterious leap of hackerly brilliance, but rather persistence and the dogged repetition of a handful of fairly well-known tricks that exploit common weaknesses in the security of target systems. Accordingly, most crackers are incompetent as hackers. This entry used to say 'mediocre', but the spread of rootkit and other automated cracking has depressed the average level of skill among crackers.

phreaking: /freek�ing/, n. [from ‘phone phreak’]

1. The art and science of cracking the phone network (so as, for example, to make free long-distance calls).

2. By extension, security-cracking in any other context (especially, but not exclusively, on communications networks) (see cracking).

At one time phreaking was a semi-respectable activity among hackers; there was a gentleman's agreement that phreaking as an intellectual game and a form of exploration was OK, but serious theft of services was taboo. There was significant crossover between the hacker community and the hard-core phone phreaks who ran semi-underground networks of their own through such media as the legendary TAP Newsletter. This ethos began to break down in the mid-1980s as wider dissemination of the techniques put them in the hands of less responsible phreaks. Around the same time, changes in the phone network made old-style technical ingenuity less effective as a way of hacking it, so phreaking came to depend more on overtly criminal acts such as stealing phone-card numbers. The crimes and punishments of gangs like the ‘414 group’ turned that game very ugly. A few old-time hackers still phreak casually just to keep their hand in, but most these days have hardly even heard of ‘blue boxes’ or any of the other paraphernalia of the great phreaks of yore.

3. Lidhsi i tret. hacker: n. [originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe]

1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. RFC1392, the Internet Users' Glossary, usefully amplifies this as: A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular.

2. One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming.

3. A person capable of appreciating hack value.

4. A person who is good at programming quickly.

5. An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in ‘a Unix hacker’. (Definitions 1 through 5 are correlated, and people who fit them congregate.)

6. An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example.

7. One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations.

8. [deprecated] A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence password hacker, network hacker. The correct term for this sense is cracker.

The term ‘hacker’ also tends to connote membership in the global community defined by the net (see the network. For discussion of some of the basics of this culture, see the How To Become A Hacker FAQ. It also implies that the person described is seen to subscribe to some version of the hacker ethic (see hacker ethic).

It is better to be described as a hacker by others than to describe oneself that way. Hackers consider themselves something of an elite (a meritocracy based on ability), though one to which new members are gladly welcome. There is thus a certain ego satisfaction to be had in identifying yourself as a hacker (but if you claim to be one and are not, you'll quickly be labeled bogus). See also geek, wannabee.

This term seems to have been first adopted as a badge in the 1960s by the hacker culture surrounding TMRC and the MIT AI Lab. We have a report that it was used in a sense close to this entry's by teenage radio hams and electronics tinkerers in the mid-1950s.

Tash prap lidhsa nga un.

Unfortunately, a lot of people confuse the terms "hacker" and "cracker". There are a number of reasons for this. The two big reasons are:

Crackers often call themselves "hackers", and The media refers to crackers as "hackers". This is infinitely annoying.

Eric Raymond (yes, that Eric Raymond) does an excellent job of answering the question "What Is A Hacker?" in his How To Become A Hacker FAQ. In it, he concludes:

The basic difference is this: hackers build things, crackers break them.

hackers were ham-radio hobbyists and model-train enthusiasts.

Hackers cheat. And breaking security regularly involves cheating. It's figuring out a smart card's RSA key by looking at the power fluctuations, because the designers of the card never realized anyone could do that. It's self-signing a piece of code, because the signature-verification system didn't think someone might try that. It's using a piece of a protocol to break a completely different protocol, because all previous security analysis only looked at protocols individually and not in pairs.

The true hacker can't just sit around all night; he must pursue some hobby with dedication and flair. It can be telephones, or railroads (model, real, or both), or science fiction fandom, or ham radio, or broadcast radio. It can be more than one of these. Or it can be computers. [In 1986, the word ``hacker is generally used among MIT students to refer not to computer hackers but to building hackers, people who explore roofs and tunnels where they're not supposed to be.]

A ``computer hacker, then, is someone who lives and breathes computers, who knows all about computers, who can get a computer to do anything. Equally important, though, is the hacker's attitude. Computer programming must be a hobby, something done for fun, not out of a sense of duty or for the money. (It's okay to make money, but that can't be the reason for hacking.)

A hacker is an aesthete.

There are specialties within computer hacking. An algorithm hacker knows all about the best algorithm for any problem. A system hacker knows about designing and maintaining operating systems. And a ``password hacker knows how to find out someone else's password. That's what Newsweek should be calling them.

Someone who sets out to crack the security of a system for financial gain is not a hacker at all. It's not that a hacker can't be a thief, but a hacker can't be a professional thief. A hacker must be fundamentally an amateur, even though hackers can get paid for their expertise. A password hacker whose primary interest is in learning how the system works doesn't therefore necessarily refrain from stealing information or services, but someone whose primary interest is in stealing isn't a hacker. It's a matter of emphasis.

N.q.s ende nuk e keni kuptu: Krakeri asht emri me te cilin hakerat qujne keqbersit kompjuterike, qe çajn (crack), thyejn sigurine e çdo sistemi kompjuterik, e demtojn, keqperdorin dhe vjedhin PIN-e, fjalkalime etj. Krakerat poshtu marrin dhe ndryshojne programe te gatshme kompjuterike per te gjetur fjalkalimin, per ta çarë, apo pezulluar (hequr) kohen e kufizuar te perdorimit te tij. Ndersa hakerat shpikin, sajojn dhe ndertojne programe dhe harduera per te shmangur mbrojtjen e sigurise se sistemit kompjuterik jo per ta demtu por per ta njoft dhe permiresu ate me ane te lajmerimeve ne publik (me ane te buletineve BBS) te dobsive (mangsive) te sistemit. P.sh. Linus Torvaldi i cili asht krijusi i Linuksit mendohet si nji haker gjeni.

Tash ju thoni "E mora vesh dhe e dija qe modifikojne hardware"!!! Si tani e moret vesht dhe e kishit ditur, por nuk doshit ta pranoshit? Ju that edhe kte:"por sidomos di çfare nje Hacker eshte. Ne it.Wiki nuk kam pare te shkruajtur qe merret me ndryshim software, hardware, etj. Nje Hacker merret me studimin e tyre. Ndryshimi i nje software (me ©) ose i nje kompjuteri behet nga crackeri."

Tashti kapeni tek thania: "someone who modifies electronics such as ham radio transceivers, printers or even home sprinkler systems for better functionality or performance." por ju keni harru te shtoni ma par kyt: A hacker is also a term used for... - nje haker eshte edhe nje term i perdorur per...(dike qe ndryshon aparate elektronike...).

"Ne kontekstine si ti e kishe vene jepte dene e nje krakeri... jo hacker".

Un s´kam vu (shtu) asgja tjeter veç asaj qe mora e pruna ktu. Edhe ktu "harrut" te shtoni kte: For some, "hacker" has a negative connotation and refers to a... (Per disa njerez, "hakeri" ka nje domethanie negative dhe lidhet me nje...) para ksaj: ...person who gains illegal access to computers (hacks) or uses kludges to accomplish programming tasks that are ugly, inelegant, and inefficient. Se si e "kuptoni" ju (apo t tjert) ajo asht puna juj. E verteta asht e vertet e nuk mund te mshehet apo shtremnohet.

Tash ju keni edhe paturpsin te me tregoni mu se ça asht hakeri dhe krakeri me shembuj banale.

Un kur perdora thanien e hakerve nenkuptova edhe kuptoni, kuptoni, kuptoni ate qe lexoni.

Po patet vshtirsi me kuptimin dhe perkthimin e anglishtes te sjell ktu prej mejet, me pytni e un do tju ndimoj. SHNDET! Leke Mjeku 9 Gusht 2007 12:10 (UTC)

Deri pak paragrafe me pare po thoshit te njejten gje qe po thosha edhe une: hackers build things, crackers break them. Nje hacker eshte nje person qe modifikone, po gjera, por i bene per ti permiresuar. Nga momenti qe nje Hacker futet jologjerisht ne nje sistem informatike apo modifikone jo ligjerisht nje software, jo per ta permiresuar, por per arsye fitimi ose shkaterrimi quhet "cracker. Nje hacker modfikone dhe crijon gjera per permiresimin e nje gjeje te caktuar, si pershembull ndihmone administratoret e nje sistemi duke ju thene qe ka nje problem sigurie, etj. Ti nuk mund te quash nje person me nje emer qe seshte i tij, Te fala. Eagleal  9 Gusht 2007 12:26 (UTC)


Shum njerez kane mend por s´dun te kuptojn (besojn), kane sy po s´dun te shikojn, kane veshe po s´dun te degjojn. (Nga Bibla). Kjo po ndodh edhe me ju. Ju e keni te vshtir mesa shihet te kuptoni dhe bani dallimet. Keto jan ato qe thate ju. - sidomos di çfare nje Hacker eshte. Ne it.Wiki nuk kam pare te shkruajtur qe merret me ndryshim software, hardware, etj. Kyt e kuptoj un kshtu. Kur ju s´e keni pare ne Vik.it. ateher edhe nuk e keni dit. Prandaj un bana sqarimin dhe pruna landen se ku jam bazu un per te shkru artikullin.
Nje Hacker merret me studimin e tyre. Ndryshimi i nje software (me ©) ose i nje kompjuteri behet nga crackeri. - Sipas jush hakeri vetem i studion ato, ndryshimin e harduerave e softuerave e ban krakeri. Krakeri ban ndryshimin e softuerit duke e ndryshu, dhe lëndu (thy) te drejten e autorit. Hakeri e perpilon (krijon) vete programin dhe e programon harduerin e tij per tu fut ne nje siskom (sistem kompjuterik) apo per te zbulu pikat e dobeta te internetit (ketu sigurine) dhe qendrueshmerine e tij. Meqe ra fjala jane hakerat qe shpiken internetin, sistemet operative falas Linuksin, OpenBSD, Knopiksin, Debian, OpenSource etj.
Kyt e pruna un ktu: hackers build things, crackers break them. Jo ju. Ju keqkuptut at qe pruna un ktu. Ne kontekstine si ti e kishe vene jepte dene e nje krakeri.
Nga momenti qe nje Hacker futet jologjerisht ne nje sistem informatike apo modifikone jo ligjerisht nje software, jo per ta permiresuar, por per arsye fitimi ose shkaterrimi quhet "cracker. - jo zotni. Hakeri nuk asht tash haker e sapo futet paleje ne nje sistem kompjuterik asht kraker (e kur del prej tij asht prap haker). Hakeri futet ne sisteme kompjuterike por nuk prish, nuk demton gja (madje hakeri i mire nuk len as gjurme pas) sepse ka etiken e tij, kyt e ban krakeri. Hakeri futet ne nje sistem nga kureshtja, per te marre informacionet qe i interesojne (neper faqe rrjetore firmash, organizatash etj) per te pa dhe verejt dobesite e sigurise te sistemit operativ, hakeri ka dituri ma te shumta dhe asht nje shkall ma e nalt se krakeri. Sidoqofte nse e marrim ligjerisht, si hakeri ashtu edhe krakeri jane shkeles te ligjit, se hyjne ne fushen private te personit, shoqates apo organizates etj pa leje. I pari nga kureshtja i dyti nga shtysa e shkaterrimit e demtimit.
Ju nga jugu e keni nji fjale te urt qe thote: Eja baba te te tregoj arat. Ngaqe un e kam fillu artikullin (edhe me mosh nuk besoj se jeni me i madh se une) kjo i pershtatet edhe sjelljes suaj ndaj mejet.
Une nuk quajta asnji person me emer qe nuk i takon atij, pervec jush. Edhe tash ne fund, boll me kyt "Ti"-ne tuj, un askund nuk ju jam drejtu me Ti. Kjo tregon edhe edukaten dhe respektin tuj per tjetrin. SHNDET e Të fala paçi! Leke Mjeku 9 Gusht 2007 15:59 (UTC)

Une po heq dore nga ky diskutim, sepse e shoh qe nuk doni te kuptoni. Po ngateroheni me fjalet e tuaja.

  1. Une ju drejtova me "Ti" sepse jemi te gjithe pjestare te barabarte ne sq.Wiki, dhe si shoke qe luftojne per te njejten arsyje.
  2. Kam respekt te madh ndaj juve, nese nje personi i drejtohesh me "Ti" dhe nuk e respekton, "Na falni zotëri".
  3. Une nuk kam edukat? Shikoni politikën e Wikipedia.
  4. Ky eshte nje projekt ne Shqip dhe une tani po ju flas Shqip.
  5. Edhe pse mund te keni me shume kohe se mua ne Wikipedia, me moshe te madhe, me shume kohe ne Internet, me shume kohe ne Informatik, kjo nuk do te thote qe te tjeret jan me Injorant. Sokrati kur e pyesnin thoshte qe nuk dinte shume, apo jo. Me "Ngaqe un e kam fillu artikullin (edhe me mosh nuk besoj se jeni me i madh se une)" mbetet qe Gjyshi im (me respekt) duhet te di me shume se mua nga Informatika?
  6. ... [ta leme, nuk po vazhdoj me]

Besoj se u morem vesh, dhe i lexoni prap pergjigjet e mia. Shëndet. --Eagleal  9 Gusht 2007 17:28 (UTC)

Dhe nje gje te fundit. Duhet te shikoni edhe kete ose kete.
Dhe Ju po, thirret nje person me nje emer qe nuk i takon. Ju Hacker-ave po ju flisni Cracker-a, dhe anasjelltas, atehere pse ka lindur emri Cracker? Pse Hacker-at nuk thirren Cracker? Me respekt Eagleal  9 Gusht 2007 17:55 (UTC).


Tjeta Eagleal!
Me cilat fjale te mia po ngaterrohem e s´dashkam te kuptoj? Sqarojini po deshet e mos shkruani dokrra. Isha un ai qe e filloi artikullin, qe pruna edhe referencat ne diskutim per te ndriçu çështjen e mendjen tuj. E ju mundoheni te me tregoni arat.
  1. Te gjith jena te barabart, un nuk thash apo nenkuptova ndokund qe un jam ketu "kapua" (bosi, madje as administrator nuk jam si ju, por nji perdorues i thjesht) por kjo s´do t thot qe un, ju apo dikush tjeter ti drejtohet tjetrit menjiher me ti pa e njoft ate ma par, e pa leje te tjetrit se asht mosmirsjellje. Rregullat elementare te mirsjelljes.
  2. Faleminderit per respektin, por respekti nuk shprehet me ti, e me sjellje prej kryforti e prepotenti (fuqiploti).
  3. Per edukaten, mu nuk me duhet politika e Vikipedias nder diskutime, por edukata qytetare dhe morale ne marrdheniet me te tjert.
  4. Mir qe e kuptut se kjo asht Vikipedia ne Shqip, por ju mund te me shkruani edhe italisht, anglisht.
  5. Paditunia (injoranca) nuk asht marre, por mosmësimi. Na thojm n Shkoder nder katolik, gjyshi juj Paste Drit (por po te ishte ende gjalle do te dinte ndoshta edhe ma shume se un e se ju), po nuk besoj se ne kohen e Tij kishte kompjuterat dhe informatiken e sotme. Arsyetimi i shndosht. Nuk po zgjatem ma ne kohe.
  6. Pergjigjet tuaja zotni i kam lexu e kuptu, por ju nuk i keni lexu e kuptu te miat.
P.S.

Wikipedia pikepamje neutrale (asnjanese) e kam perkthy edhe un ne shqip (ndoshta pjesen ma te madhe) e ju mundoheni te me tregoni prape arat.
Un prisha aq shum koh me ju duke ju shpjegu se ça asht hakeri e krakeri e ju (o Zot te qosha fale) ende s´e keni kuptu, s´doni ta kuptoni ose s´mundeni ta kuptoni. Tash nuk kam ma nerva t´jua shpjegoj rishtazi. Mvaret nga mendja e juj kuptimi dhe dallimi. SHNDET! Leke Mjeku 9 Gusht 2007 18:24 (UTC)

Marrë nga "http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskutim:Hakeri"