Flutura

Flutura
Cairns Birdwing, Flutura më e madhe në Australi (Melbourne Zoo).
Klasifikimi shkencor
Mbretëria: Animalia Filumi: Arthropoda Klasa: Insecta Rendi: Lepidoptera (pa klasifikuar): Rhopalocera
Subgroups
Superfamily Hedyloidea: Hedylidae Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae Pieridae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Riodinidae

Flutura është insekt i rendit lepidoptera. Flutër, është emërtim i përgjithshëm për disa lloje kandrrash fluturuese, me katër krahë të mbuluar me luspa të imëta si pluhur, me ngjyra të ndryshme, me feçkë e brirthë për të thithur dhe për të ndier, disa prej të cilave dëmtojnë bimët.

Shtimi

Një flutur shumohet me vezë.Kur një flutur femër çiftezohet i lëshon vezët mbi një pemë dhe ngordh. Prej vezës del një qenie që quhet vemje.

Morfologjia e jashtme

po pra

Lloje të njohura

Në botë jetojnë nga 15,000 deri më 20,000 lloje të ndryshme fluturash. Disa nga llojet më të njohura janë:

• Swallowtails and Birdwings, Familja Papilionidae
  • Common Yellow Swallowtail, Papilio machaon
  • Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus
  • Lime Butterfly, Papilio demoleus
  • Ornithoptera genus (Birdwings; the largest butterflies)
• Whites or Yellows, Family Pieridae
  • Small White, Pieris rapae
  • Green-veined White, Pieris napi
  • Common Jezebel, Delias eucharis
• Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, Familja Lycaenidae
  • Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces
  • Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis
  • Red Pierrot, Talicada nyseus
• Metalmark butterflies, Familja Riodinidae
  • Lange's Metalmark Butterfly
  • Plum Judy, Abisara echerius
• Brush-footed butterflies, Familja Nymphalidae
  • Painted Lady, or Cosmopolite, Vanessa cardui
  • Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus
  • Morpho genus
  • Speckled Wood, Pararge aegeria

Foto galeria

Familja Papilionidae

• 

  Emerald Swallowtail (Papilio palinurus), Metro Toronto Zoo

• 

  Scarce Swallowtail,
  Iphiclides podalirius.

• 

  Palawan Birdwing,
  Troides trojana.

• 

  Blue Mormon,
  Papilio polymnestor.

• 

  Crimson Rose,
  Pachliopta hector.

• 

  Pipevine Swallowtail,
  Battus philenor.

• 

  Common Mime,
  Chilasa clytia.

• 

  Blue Mormon,
  Papilio polymnestor.

Familja Pieridae

• 

  Green-veined White,
  Pieris napi.

• 

  The Orange Tip,
  Anthocharis cardamines.

• 

  Common Jezebel,
  Delias eucharis.

• 

  Common Brimstone,
  Gonepteryx rhamni.

Familja Riodinidae

• 

  Punchinello,
  Zemeros flegyas

• 

  Tailed Judy,
  Abisara neophron

Familja Nymphalidae

• 

  Monarch Butterfly,
  Danaus plexippus

• 

  Common Nawab,
  Polyura athamas,
  a charaxine Nymphalid
  from India.

• 

  Morpho rhetenor helena a morphine from
  South America.

• 

  Julia Heliconian,
  Dryas julia.

• 

  Sara Longwing,
  Heliconius sara
  a heliconine nymphalid.

• 

  Glasswing butterfly,
  Greta oto.

• 

  Lorquin's Admiral,
  Limenitis lorquini
  a limenitidine nymphalid.

• 

  Leopard Lacewing,
  Cethosia cyane of
  subfamily Cyrestinae.

• 

  Peacock Butterfly,
  Inachis io.

• 

  Comma Butterfly,
  Polygonia c-album.

• 

  Crimson Patch,
  Chlosyne janais.

Familja Lycaenidae

• 

  Red Pierrot,
  Talicada nyseus.

• 

  Small Copper,
  Lycaena phlaeas.

• 

  Monkey Puzzle,
  Rathinda amor.

• 

  Banded Blue Pierrot,
  Discolampa ethion.

Familja Hesperiidae

• 

  Fiery Skipper
  Hylephila phyleus

Shih edhe

• Flutura e natës
• Lista e fluturave

Literaturë tjetër

• Boggs, C., Watt, W., Ehrlich, P. 2003. Butterflies: Evolution and Ecology Taking Flight. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. - (Anglisht)
• Heppner, J. B. 1998. Classification of Lepidoptera. Holarctic Lepidoptera, Suppl. 1. - (Anglisht)
• Pyle, R. M. 1992. Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. Houghton Mifflin. First published, 1984. ISBN 0-395-61629-8 - (Anglisht)
• Nemos, F. ca. 1895. Europas bekannteste Schmetterlinge. Beschreibung der wichtigsten Arten und Anleitung zur Kenntnis und zum Sammeln der Schmetterlinge und Raupen Oestergaard Verlag, Berlin, (pdf 77MB) - (Anglisht)

Literaturë me lista fluturash

Flutur e kaltër ose likaenide.

- (Anglisht)

• Butterflies of North America, Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies through Binoculars: The East, Jeffrey Glassberg (1999)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies through Binoculars: The West, Jeffrey Glassberg (2001)- (Anglisht)
• A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies, Paul Opler (1994)- (Anglisht)
• A Field Guide to Western Butterflies, Paul Opler (1999)- (Anglisht)
• Peterson First Guide to Butterflies and Moths, Paul Opler (1994)- (Anglisht)
• Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu by Gerardo Lamas (2003)- (Anglisht)
• The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland by Jim Asher (Editor), et al.- (Anglisht)
• Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland by Richard Lewington- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Britain and Europe (Collins Wildlife Trust Guides) by Michael Chinery- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Europe by Tom Tolman and Richard Lewington (2001)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Europe New Field Guide and Key by Tristan Lafranchis (2004)- (Anglisht)
• Field Guide to Butterlies of South Africa by Steve Woodhall (2005)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History by Meena Haribal (1994).- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Peninsular India by Krushnamegh Kunte, Universities Press (2005).- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of the Indian Region by Col M. A. Wynter-Blyth, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India (1957).- (Anglisht)
• A Guide to Common Butterflies of Singapore by Steven Neo Say Hian (Singapore Science Centre)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore by W.A.Fleming. (Longman Malaysia)- (Anglisht)
• The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula by A.S. Corbet and H. M. Pendlebury. (The Malayan Nature Society)- (Anglisht)

Lidhje të jashtme

Lidhje të përgjithëshme

• Papilionoidea on the Tree of Life Web project- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site- (Anglisht)

Lista regjionale fluturash

• Collodi Butterfly House Tuscany- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies and Moths of North America- (Anglisht)
• North American Butterfly Association (NABA)- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies and Moths in the Netherlands- (Anglisht)
• Insect and butterfly diversity of Pakistan- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Southern India- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Sri Lanka- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Singapore- (Anglisht)
• Israel Insect World- (Anglisht)
• Singapore Butterfly Checklist- (Anglisht)
• Butterfly Conservation Society of Taiwan- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Morocco- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Indo-China Chiefly Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Southeastern Sulawesi- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Thailand- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of Mexico- (Anglisht)

Foto/Filma

• BugGuide.net Many images of North American butterflies, many licensed via Creative Commons- (Anglisht)
• Butterfly of Brazil- (Anglisht)
• Reference quality large format photographs, common butterflies of North America- (Anglisht)
• Gallery of Florida Butterflies and Moths- (Anglisht)
• Butterfly Picture Gallery- (Anglisht)
• Photographs of most of the Butterflies in Southern California- (Anglisht)
• Butterflies of France- (Anglisht)
• Butterfly Movies (Tree of Life)- (Anglisht)
• 1000+ photos of Massachusetts butterflies- (Anglisht)
• European butterfly pictures - common names and wildlife photography- (Anglisht)