Diskutim:Serbia dhe Mali i Zi
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Population
NUMBER OF INHABITANTS:
SCG has a population of 8,118,146 inhabitants (without Kosovo and Metohija). The number of inhabitants of Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) is 7,498,001. Montenegro has a population of 620,145 inhabitants.
NATIONAL MAKE-UP:
Serbs account for 82,8 percent of the population of Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) and Montenegrins for 61.9 percent of the inhabitants of Montenegro. In addition to Serbs and Montenegrins that are the most numerous in their respective member states, the following national minorities live in Serbia and Montenegro: Hungarians; Romanians; Roma; Slovaks; Bulgarians; Albanians; etc. National minorities are guaranteed rights under the highest international standards.
RELIGION:
SCG is a multi-confessional state union. Orthodox Christians are the most numerous. There are also other religious communities - the Islamic, the Roman Catholic, the Protestant, the Jewish community and others.
LANGUAGE:
The Serbian language of the Ekavian and Iekavian dialect is in official use in SCG. The official script in Serbia is the Cyrillic script and the Latin script is used as well whereas both scripts are used on an equal footing in Montenegro. In the areas of SCG inhabited by national minorities, their languages and scripts are in official use as well.
Political System
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was proclaimed on 4 February 2003 is based on the equality of the two member states, the state of Serbia and the state of Montenegro.
The state union's highest legal act is the Constitutional Charter.
Under the Constitutional Charter, the Assembly of SCG exercises legislative power. The Assembly is mono-cameral and is made up of 126 MPs, 91 of which are from Serbia and 35 from Montenegro. The MPs of the Serbia and Montenegro Assembly are elected from either member state in accordance with European and democratic standards on the basis of the laws of the member states.
For the first two years after the adoption of the Constitutional Charter, the MPs have been elected indirectly in proportion to their representation in the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and the Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro. After that initial period, the MPs will be elected at direct elections. Their term of office will be four years. The Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro elects from among its MPs the President and the Vice-President of the Assembly and they may not come from the same member state.
The Assembly was constituted on 3 March 2003.
The President of Serbia and Montenegro is elected by the SCG Assembly. The President of the Assembly and the President of the State Union may not come from the same member state. The State Union President's term of office is four years. The member states take over the office of President alternately. The current President of Serbia and Montenegro Svetozar Marovic (elected on 7 March 2003) comes from Montenegro and the President of the Assembly Zoran Šami is from Serbia.
The executive power is vested with the President of SCG and the Council of Ministers that he chairs and runs.
The Council of Ministers has five Ministries: Foreign Affairs; Defense; International Economic Relations; Internal Economic Relations; and Protection of Human and Minority Rights. The President and two candidates for Ministers come from one and the remaining three candidates for Ministers from the other member state. The President of SCG proposes candidates to the Assembly for the Council of Ministers, the Assembly approves the membership of the Council on the whole. The Ministers have a four-year term of office. The President of SCG and the Council of Ministers answer for their work to the Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro.
The Council of Ministers was formed on 17 March 2003.
The seat of the Assembly and the Council of Ministers is in Belgrade.
The judicial power is vested with the Court of Serbia and Montenegro. Its decisions are final and binding. The Court is authorised to invalidate laws, other regulations of the institutions of Serbia and Montenegro that are contrary to the Constitutional Charter and the laws of Serbia and Montenegro. The judges from both member states have equal representation on the Court. The judges are appointed by the Assembly of SCG at the proposal of the Council of Ministers for a six-year term of office.
The seat of the Court is in Podgorica.
In addition to the joint Parliament, the Council of Ministers, the President and the Court, every member state has its own Parliament, President and Government.