Pierre Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (23. prill 1749. - 5. mars 1827) ishte matematikan dhe astronom francez veprat e tij ishin bazë për zhvillimin e astronomisë matematikore. Të gjitha veprat e paraardhësve të tij i studjoi dhe i zgjëroi në librin e tij prej pesë vëllpmesh Mécanique Céleste (Mekanika qiellore) (1799-1825). Këtu mekanikën klasike e shqyrtoi duke shfrytëzuar edhe njehsimin diferencial.

Referime

Bibliografia

Nga Laplace

Œuvres complètes de Laplace^{[lidhje e vdekur]}, 14 vol. (1878–1912), Paris: Gauthier-Villars (in French) (PDF copy from Gallica)
Théorie du movement et de la figure elliptique des planètes (1784) Paris (not in Œuvres complètes)
Précis de l'histoire de l'astronomie

Përkthimet anglisht

Bowditch, N. (trans.) (1829-1839) Mécanique céleste, 4 vols, Boston
- New edition by Reprint Services ISBN 0-7812-2022-X
— [1829-1839] (1966-1969) Celestial Mechanics, 5 vols, including the original French
Pound, J. (trans.) (1809) The System of the World, 2 vols, London: Richard Phillips
_ The system of the world (v. 1)
_ The system of the World (v.2)
— [1809] (2007) The System of the World, vol.1, Kessinger, ISBN 1-4326-5367-9
Toplis, J. (trans.) (1814) A treatise upon analytical mechanics Nottingham: H. Barnett
Truscott, F. W. & Emory, F. L. (trans.) (2007) [1902]. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. ISBN 1-60206-328-1. {{cite book}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)Mirëmbajtja CS1: Emra të shumëfishtë: lista e autorëve (lidhja), translated from the French 6th ed. (1840)

Për Laplace dhe punën e tij

Andoyer, H. (1922). L'œuvre scientifique de Laplace. Paris: Payot. {{cite book}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!) (Frengjisht)
Bigourdan, G. (1931). "La jeunesse de P.-S. Laplace". La Science moderne (në frëngjisht). 9: 377–384.
Crosland, M. (1967). The Society of Arcueil: A View of French Science at the Time of Napoleon I. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-435-54201-X. {{cite book}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Dale, A. I. (1982). "Bayes or Laplace? an examination of the origin and early application of Bayes' theorem". Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences. 27: 23–47. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
David, F. N. (1965) "Some notes on Laplace", in Neyman, J. & LeCam, L. M. (eds) Bernoulli, Bayes and Laplace, Berlin, pp30-44
Deakin, M. A. B. (1981). "The development of the Laplace transform". Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences. 25: 343–390. doi:10.1007/BF01395660. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1982). "The development of the Laplace transform". Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences. 26: 351–381. doi:10.1007/BF00418754. {{cite journal}}: |author= ka emër shifror (Ndihmë!); Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Dhombres, J. (1989). "La théorie de la capillarité selon Laplace: mathématisation superficielle ou étendue". Revue d'Histoire des sciences et de leurs applications (në frëngjisht). 62: 43–70.
Duveen, D. & Hahn, R. (1957). "Laplace's succession to Bezout's post of Examinateur des élèves de l'artillerie". Isis. 48: 416–427. doi:10.1086/348608. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)Mirëmbajtja CS1: Emra të shumëfishtë: lista e autorëve (lidhja)
Finn, B. S. (1964). "Laplace and the speed of sound". Isis. 55: 7–19. doi:10.1086/349791. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Fourier, J. B. J. (1827). "Éloge historique de M. le Marquis de Laplace". Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. 10: lxxxi–cii. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!), delivered 15 June 1829, published in 1831. (in French)
Gillispie, C. C. (1972). "Probability and politics: Laplace, Condorcet, and Turgot". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 116(1): 1–20. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1997) Pierre Simon Laplace 1749-1827: A Life in Exact Science, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01185-0
Grattan-Guiness, I., 2005, "'Exposition du système du monde' and 'Traité de méchanique céleste'" in his Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics. Elsevier: 242-57.
Hahn, R. (1955). "Laplace's religious views". Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences. 8: 38–40. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1982). Calendar of the Correspondence of Pierre Simon Laplace (bot. Berkeley Papers in the History of Science, vol.8). Berkeley, CA: University of California. {{cite book}}: |author= ka emër shifror (Ndihmë!); Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1994). New Calendar of the Correspondence of Pierre Simon Laplace (bot. Berkeley Papers in the History of Science, vol.16). Berkeley, CA: University of California. {{cite book}}: |author= ka emër shifror (Ndihmë!); Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (2005) Pierre Simon Laplace 1749-1827: A Determined Scientist, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-01892-3
Israel, Werner (1987), "Dark stars: the evolution of an idea", përmbledhur nga Hawking, Stephen W.; Israel, Werner (red.), 300 Years of Gravitation, Cambridge University Press, fq. 199–276 {{citation}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Rouse Ball, W. W. [1908] (2003) "Pierre Simon Laplace (1749 - 1827)", in A Short Account of the History of Mathematics, 4th ed., Dover, ISBN 0-486-20630-0
Stigler, S. M. (1975). "Napoleonic statistics: the work of Laplace". Biometrika. 62: 503–517. doi:10.2307/2335393. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1978). "Laplace's early work: chronology and citations". Isis. 69(2): 234–254. {{cite journal}}: |author= ka emër shifror (Ndihmë!); Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Whitrow, G. J. (2001) "Laplace, Pierre-Simon, marquis de", Encyclopaedia Britannica, Deluxe CDROM edition
Whittaker, E. T. (1949a). "Laplace". Mathematical Gazette. 33: 1–12. doi:10.2307/3608408. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
— (1949b). "Laplace". American Mathematical Monthly. 56(6): 369–372. {{cite journal}}: |author= ka emër shifror (Ndihmë!); Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Wilson, C. (1985). "The Great Inequality of Jupiter and Saturn: from Kepler to Laplace". Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences. 33(1-3): 15–290. doi:10.1007/BF00328048. {{cite journal}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Young, T. (1821). Elementary Illustrations of the Celestial Mechanics of Laplace: Part the First, Comprehending the First Book. London: John Murray. {{cite book}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!) (available from Google Books)

Lidhje të jashtme

"Laplace, Pierre (1749-1827)". Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography. Wolfram Research. Marrë më 2007-08-24. {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
"Pierre-Simon Laplace" in the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
"Bowditch's English translation of Laplace's preface". Méchanique Céleste. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Marrë më 2007-09-04. {{cite web}}: Mungon ose është bosh parametri |language= (Ndihmë!)
Laplace's math genealogy
Extending Laplace & Fourier Transforms