Shihni burimin për Lufta Turke për Pavarësi

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Lufta për pavarësi turke
| partof            = [[Revolucionet e 1917-1923|Revolucioneve të 1917-1923]]<br />[[Pasojat e Luftës së Parë Botërore|pas Luftës së Parë Botërore]]
| image             = Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı - kolaj.jpg
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = '''Në drejtim të orës nga lart majtas''': Delegacioni u mblodh në [[Kongresi i Sivasit|Kongresin e Sivasit]] për të përcaktuar objektivat e Lëvizjes Kombëtare Turke; Civilët turq që mbanin municion në front; Këmbësoria [[Kuva-yi Milliye]]; Kalorësia turke në ndjekje; [[Kapja turke e Smirnës|Kapja e Smirnës nga ushtria turke]]; trupat në [[Sheshi Ulus|Sheshin Ulus]] të Ankarasë duke u përgatitur të largohen për në front.
| date              = [[Zbarkimi grek në Smyrna|19 maj 1919]] – [[Armëpushimi i Mudanya|11 tetor 1922]] (Armëpushim)<br />[[Traktati i Lozanës|24 korrik 1923]] (Paqe)<br />(4 vjet, 2 muaj dhe 5 ditë)
| place             = [[Anadolli]], [[Kaukazi (rajon)|Kaukazi]] Jugperëndimor, [[Mesopotamia e Epërme]], dhe [[Trakia Lindore]]
| result            = Fitorja e turqve<ref>Chester Neal Tate, ''Governments of the World: a Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities'', Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vAUWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Turkish+victory%22 p. 205.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013604/https://books.google.com/books?id=vAUWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Turkish+victory%22 |date=9 qershor 2022 }}</ref><ref>According to John R. Ferris, "Decisive Turkish victory in Anatolia... produced Britain's gravest strategic crisis between the 1918 Armistice and Munich, plus a seismic shift in British politics..." Erik Goldstein and Brian McKerche, ''Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy'', 1865–1965, 2004 p. 139</ref>
| territory         = Themelimi i [[Turqia|Republikës së Turqisë]]
| combatant1        = '''[[Lëvizja Kombëtare Turke|Nacionalistët turq]]''':<br />{{nowrap|[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|Ankara Government]]}}<br />{{small|([[Komiteti i Përfaqësimit|1919–1920]]; 1920–1923)}}
{{Collapsible list|bullets=y|title='''Mbështetur nga''':
|[[Skeda:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg|23px]] [[Republika Socialiste Federale Sovjetike e Rusisë|RSFS Rusia]]<ref name = "jelavich">{{cite book| last = Jelavich| first = Barbara| title = History of the Balkans: Twentieth century| url = https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela| url-access = registration| year = 1983| publisher = Cambridge University Press| language = en| isbn = 978-0-521-27459-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela/page/131 131] }}</ref>
|[[Skeda:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1929).svg|23px]] [[Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Ukrainës|RSS Ukraina]]<ref name =UDer>{{Cite web |url=http://litopys.org.ua/ukrxx/zmist.htm |title=Українська державність у XX столітті: Історико-політологічний аналіз / Ред. кол.: О. Дергачов (кер. авт. кол.), Є. Бистрицький, О. Білий, І. Бураковський, Дж. Мейс, В. Полохало, М. Томенко та ін. – К.: Політ. думка, 1996. — 434 с. |access-date=4 korrik 2020 |archive-date=9 gusht 2020 |language=uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809220615/http://litopys.org.ua/ukrxx/zmist.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Skeda:Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1921).svg|border|23px]] [[Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Azerbajxhanit|RSS Azerbajxhani]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141221125926/http://www.camilhasanli.com/files/P46P3OLay7vK.pdf Внешняя политика Азербайджана в годы cоветской власти]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turksolu.com.tr/kitap/17.htm|title=Hüseyin Adıgüzel - Atatürk, Nerimanov ve Kurtuluş Savaşımız|date=24 dhjetor 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224073430/http://www.turksolu.com.tr/kitap/17.htm |language=tr |archive-date=24 dhjetor 2014 }}</ref>
|[[Skeda:Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg|23px]] [[Republika Popullore Sovjetike e Buharanit|RPS Buharani]]<ref>{{cite book| last = Andican| first = A. Ahat| title = Turkestan Struggle Abroad From Jadidism to Independence| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dWGqMQAACAAJ| year = 2007| publisher = SOTA Publications| language = en| isbn = 978-908-0-740-365| pages = 78–81| access-date = 21 tetor 2020| archive-date = 15 janar 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124333/https://books.google.com/books?id=dWGqMQAACAAJ| url-status = live}}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}<ref>[http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/671/8544.pdf ''The Place of the Turkish Independence War in the American Press (1918-1923)'' by Bülent Bilmez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602185231/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/671/8544.pdf |date=2 qershor 2018 }}: "...the occupation of western Turkey by the Greek armies under the control of the Allied Powers, the discord among them was evident and publicly known. As the Italians were against this occupation from the beginning, and started "secretly" helping the Kemalists, this conflict among the Allied Powers, and the Italian support for the Kemalists were reported regularly by the American press.</ref>{{Ref label|bbb|b}}
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Republika e Tretë Franceze]]<br/>{{small|([[Traktati i Ankarasë (1921)|nga viti 1921]])}}<ref>Sforza, Diario, November 28, 1920, 61/
David Lloyd George, The Truth about the Peace Treaties, v. 2 (Gollancz, London: 1938), pp. 1348-1349 /  Michael Smith, ''Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922'', University of Michigan Press, 1999.</ref><ref>Ζολώτα, Αναστασίου Π. (1995). ''Η Εθνική Τραγωδία'' (''National Tragedy''). Αθήνα, Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Τμήμα Πολιτικών (University of Athens) Επιστημών και Δημοσίας Διοικήσεως. σελίδες pp. 44-58</ref><ref>''«ΤΑ ΦΟΒΕΡΑ ΝΤΟΚΟΥΜΕΝΤΑ – ΣΑΓΓΑΡΙΟΣ ΕΠΟΠΟΙΪΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΡΕΥΣΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΜΙΚΡΑ ΑΣΙΑ», ΔΗΜ. ΦΩΤΙΑΔΗΣ, ΕΚΔ. ΦΥΤΡΑΚΗ, ΑΘΗΝΑ, 1974''</ref>|[[Skeda:Flag of Muslim League.svg|23px]] [[Lëvizja e Kalifatit]]|[[Skeda:Flag of Germany (3-2).svg|23px]] [[Talat Pasha#Ikja në Gjermani|Klubi Oriental]]|[[Skeda:Flag variant of Nazi Party (1923).svg|23px]] [[Partia Naziste|Partia Gjermane Nacional Socialiste e Punëtorve]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674368378|title=Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination — Stefan Ihrig {{!}} Harvard University Press|website=www.hup.harvard.edu|access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref>}}
<hr/>[[Skeda:Rectangular green flag.svg|23px]] [[Kuva-yi Seyyare|Ushtria e Gjelbër]]<br />{{small|(1919–1920)}}
| combatant2        = '''[[Aleatët e Luftës së Parë Botërore|Antante]]''':<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Mbretëria e Greqisë]]<br />{{Collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Republika e Tretë Franceze|Franca]] <br/>{{nobold|{{small|([[Traktati i Ankarasë (1921)|deri më 1921]])}}}}{{Ref label|ccc|c}}
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Afrika Perëndimore Franceze]]<ref name="annualmeeting">Western Society for French History. Meeting: ''Proceedings of the ... Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History'', New Mexico State University Press, 1996, [https://books.google.com/books?id=oZ8MAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Gouraud+now+commanded+nearly+70000+mostly+colonial+(Senegalese,+Moroccan,+Tunisian%22 sayfa 206] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013558/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZ8MAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Gouraud+now+commanded+nearly+70000+mostly+colonial+(Senegalese,+Moroccan,+Tunisian%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}.</ref>
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Legjioni Armen Francez|Legjioni Armen]]
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Algjeria franceze|Algjeria]]<ref name="annualmeeting"/>
|[[Skeda:Merchant flag of French Morocco.svg|23px]] [[Maroku francez|Maroku]]<ref name="annualmeeting"/>
|[[Skeda:Flag of Tunisia with French canton.svg|23px]] [[Tunizia francez|Tunizia]]<ref name="annualmeeting"/>}}
{{Collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|[[Skeda:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|23px]] [[Mbretëria e Bashkuar]]}}{{Ref label|ddd|d}}
|[[Skeda:British Raj Red Ensign.svg|23px]] [[Raj britanik|India]]<ref>Briton Cooper Busch: ''Mudros to Lausanne: Britain's Frontier in West Asia, 1918-1923'', SUNY Press, 1976, {{ISBN|0-87395-265-0}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz_OVCTNI04C&pg=PA216 sayfa 216] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124340/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yz_OVCTNI04C&pg=PA216 |date=15 January 2023 }}.</ref><ref>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D06E2D6143AEE32A2575BC1A9609C946195D6CF British Indian troops attacked by Turks; thirty wounded and British officer captured-- Warships' guns drive enemy back] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206094337/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D06E2D6143AEE32A2575BC1A9609C946195D6CF |date=6 December 2013 }}," ''New York Times'' (18 June 1920).</ref><ref>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9501E6DF173AEE32A2575BC1A9659C946195D6CF Allies occupy Constantinople; seize ministries; Turkish and British Indian soldiers killed in a clash at the War Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204162314/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9501E6DF173AEE32A2575BC1A9659C946195D6CF |date=4 December 2013 }}," ''New York Times'' (18 March 1920).</ref>}}
[[Skeda:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg|23px]] [[Republika e Parë e Armenisë|Armenia]]<br />{{small|([[Lufta Turko-Armene|më 1920]])}}<br /><hr />[[Skeda:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg|23px]] '''[[Republika Demokratike e Gjeorgjisë|Gjeorgjia]]'''<br />{{small|([[Pushtimi i Ushtrisë së Kuqe në Gjeorgji|më 1921]])}}<br/><hr />{{nowrap|[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] '''[[Perandoria Osmane|Qeveria e Stambollit]]'''{{Ref label|eee|e}}}}
<hr/>{{Collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|'''[[:en:Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence|Separatistët]]''':}}|[[Skeda:Rectangular green flag.svg|23px]] [[Kuva-yi Seyyare|Ushtria e Gjelbër]]<br />{{small|([[:tr:Çerkez Ethem Ayaklanması|1920–1921]])}}|[[Skeda:Tr ponto2.gif|20px]] Rebelët [[Grekët e sotëm|grekë]] të [[Ponti|Pontikës]]|[[Skeda:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|23px]] [[:en:Koçgiri rebellion|Rebelët kurdë]]}}
| strength1         = [[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] Maj 1919: 35,000<ref>Ergün Aybars, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi I, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1984, pg 319-334 (në turqisht)</ref><br />Nëntor 1920: 86,000<br />{{small|(krijimi i ushtrisë së rregullt)}}<ref name="tgs1">Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225</ref><br />Gusht 1922: 271,000<ref name="celalridvan">Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarihi'', Türkiye İş̧ Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2008, {{ISBN|9944884472}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4TExAQAAIAAJ&q=%221+piyade+t%C3%BCmeni+ve+2+s%C3%BCvari+alay%C4%B1%22 page 339] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013604/https://books.google.com/books?id=4TExAQAAIAAJ&q=%221+piyade+t%C3%BCmeni+ve+2+s%C3%BCvari+alay%C4%B1%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}. (në turqisht)</ref>{{refn|In August 1922 the [[Turkish Armed Forces|Turkish Army]] formed 23 [[infantry]] [[Division (military)|divisions]] and 6 [[cavalry]] [[Division (military)|divisions]]. Equivalent to 24 infantry divisions and 7 cavalry divisions, if the additional 3 infantry [[regiment]]s, 5 undersized border [[regiment]]s, 1 cavalry [[brigade]] and 3 cavalry regiments are included (271,403 men total). The troops were distributed in [[Anatolia]] as follows:<ref name="celalridvan"/> [[Turkish–Armenian War|Eastern Front]]: 2 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry division, [[Erzurum]] and [[Kars]] fortified areas and 5 border regiments (29,514 men); El-Cezire front (southeastern [[Anatolia]], eastern region of the river [[Euphrates]]): 1 infantry division and 2 cavalry regiments (10,447 men); [[Central Army (Turkey)|Central Army]] area: 1 infantry division and 1 cavalry brigade (10,000 men); [[Adana]] command: 2 [[battalion]]s (500 men); [[Gaziantep]] area: 1 infantry regiment and 1 cavalry regiment (1,000 men); Interior region units and institutions: 12,000 men; [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|Western Front]]: 18 infantry divisions and 5 cavalry divisions, if the independent brigade and regiments are included, 19 infantry divisions and 5.5 cavalry divisions (207,942 men).|group=note}}
| strength2         = {{nowrap|[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] Dhjetor 1919: 80,000<ref>Arnold J. Toynbee/Kenneth P Kirkwood, ''Turkey'', Benn 1926, p. 92</ref>}}<br />{{nowrap|1922: 200,000<ref>History of the Campaign of Minor Asia, General Staff of Army, Directorate of Army History, Athens, 1967, p. 140: on 11 June (OC) 6,159 officers, 193,994 soldiers (=200,153 men)</ref>–250,000<ref>A. A. Pallis: [https://books.google.com/books?id=5PsNAAAAQAAJ&q=%22the+strength+of+the+greek+army+actually+mobilized%22 ''Greece's Anatolian Venture - and After''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013557/https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZWl9T82hGMLLtgfx452CDQ&id=5PsNAAAAQAAJ&q=%22the+strength+of+the+greek+army+actually+mobilized%22#v=snippet&q=%22the%20strength%20of%20the%20greek%20army%20actually%20mobilized%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}, Taylor & Francis, p. 56 (footnote 5).</ref><ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/09/10/102391263.pdf "When Greek meets Turk; How the Conflict in Asia Minor Is Regarded on the Spot - King Constantine's View"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602051630/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/09/10/102391263.pdf |date=2 June 2021 }}, T. Walter Williams, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 10 September 1922.</ref>}}<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} 60,000<ref>Isaiah Friedman: ''British Miscalculations: The Rise of Muslim Nationalism, 1918-1925'', Transaction Publishers, 2012, {{ISBN|1412847109}}, page 239</ref><ref>Charles à Court Repington: ''After the War'', Simon Publications LLC, 2001, {{ISBN|1931313733}}, page 67</ref><br />[[Skeda:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|23px]] 30,000<ref>[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F9385E157A93CBA8178DD85F448285F9 "British in Turkey May Be Increased"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219113317/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F9385E157A93CBA8178DD85F448285F9 |date=19 February 2014 }}, ''The New York Times'', 19 June 1920.</ref><br />[[Skeda:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg|23px]] 20,000<ref>[[Anahide Ter Minassian]]: La république d'Arménie. 1918-1920 La mémoire du siècle., éditions complexe, Bruxelles 1989 {{ISBN|2-87027-280-4}}, pg 220</ref><br />{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1823}} 7,000 {{small|(at peak)}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmSICwAAQBAJ&q=7000+kuva-yi+Inzibatiye&pg=PT45|title=Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919–22|first=Philip|last=Jowett|date=20 korrik 2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|access-date=17 shtator 2016|via=Google Books|page=45|isbn=9781472806864|archive-date=15 janar 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124333/https://books.google.com/books?id=cmSICwAAQBAJ&q=7000+kuva-yi+Inzibatiye&pg=PT45|url-status=live}}</ref>
| casualties1       = [[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] 13,000 të vrarë<ref name="fleet">Kate Fleet, Suraiya Faroqhi, Reşat Kasaba: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iOoGH4GckQgC&q=%22a+small+fraction+of+the+ottoman+casualties%22 The Cambridge History of Turkey Volume 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013600/https://books.google.com/books?ei=Vuh5T9evN4Xj4QTy8tCDDw&id=iOoGH4GckQgC&q=%22a+small+fraction+of+the+ottoman+casualties%22#v=snippet&q=%22a%20small%20fraction%20of%20the%20ottoman%20casualties%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}'', Cambridge University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-521-62096-1}}, p. 159.</ref><br />22.690 vdiqën nga sëmundja<ref name="selek1963">Sabahattin Selek: ''Millî mücadele - Cilt I (engl.: National Struggle - Edition I)'', Burçak yayınevi, 1963, page 109. {{in lang|tr}}</ref><br />5,362 vdiqën nga plagët ose shkaqe të tjera jo luftarake<ref name="selek1963"/><br />35,000 të plagosur<ref name="fleet"/><br />7,000 të burgosur<ref name="ahmet">Ahmet Özdemir, [http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/783/10069.pdf ''Savaş esirlerinin Milli mücadeledeki yeri''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918133401/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/783/10069.pdf |date=18 shtator 2017 }}, Ankara University, Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, Edition 2, Number 6, 1990, pg 328-332</ref>{{Ref label|fff|f}}
| casualties2       = [[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] 24,240 të vrarë<ref name="ReferenceA">Σειρά Μεγάλες Μάχες: Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή (Νο 8), συλλογική εργασία, έκδοση περιοδικού Στρατιωτική Ιστορία, Εκδόσεις Περισκόπιο, Αθήνα, Νοέμβριος 2002, σελίδα 64 {{in lang|el}}</ref><br />18,095 të humbur<br />48,880 të plagosur<br />4,878 vdiqën jashtë luftimit<br />13,740 të burgosur<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>''Στρατιωτική Ιστορία'' journal, Issue 203, December 2013, page 67</ref>{{refn|According to some Turkish estimates the casualties were at least 120,000-130,000.<ref>Ali Çimen, Göknur Göğebakan: Tarihi Değiştiren Savaşlar, Timaş Yayınevi, {{ISBN|9752634869}}, 2. Cilt, 2007, sayfa 321 {{in lang|tr}}</ref> [[Western world|Western]] sources give 100,000 killed and wounded,<ref>Stephen Vertigans: ''Islamic Roots and Resurgence in Turkey: Understanding and Explaining the Muslim Resurgence'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, {{ISBN|0275980510}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=E9zEC045g0MC&q=%22greeks%20died%20or%20were%20wounded%22 page 41] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013602/https://books.google.com/books?id=E9zEC045g0MC&printsec=frontcover&q=%22greeks%20died%20or%20were%20wounded%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}.</ref><ref>Nicole Pope, Hugh Pope: ''Turkey Unveiled: A History of Modern Turkey'', Overlook Press, 2000, {{ISBN|1585670960}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QpNHV4jfIDAC&q=%22Greek+dead+and+wounded+were+estimated+at+around+%22 page 58] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013557/https://books.google.com/books?id=QpNHV4jfIDAC&q=%22Greek+dead+and+wounded+were+estimated+at+around+%22&hl=de |date=9 June 2022 }}.</ref> with a total sum of 200,000 casualties, taking into account that 100,000 casualties were solely suffered in [[Great Smyrna Offensive|August–September 1922]].<ref name="stillwell">Stephen Joseph Stillwell, ''Anglo-Turkish relations in the interwar era'', [[Lewiston, New York]]: [[Edwin Mellen Press]], 2003, {{ISBN|0773467769}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_vsWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22were+upward+of+200,000.+of+whom+at+least+half+were+lost+during+the+flight+to+Smyrna+%22 page 46] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013602/https://books.google.com/books?id=_vsWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22were+upward+of+200,000.+of+whom+at+least+half+were+lost+during+the+flight+to+Smyrna+%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}.</ref><ref>Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, ''The Harper encyclopedia of military history: from 3500 BC to the present'', {{ISBN|0062700561}}, HarperCollins, 1993, page 1087</ref><ref>''Revue internationale d'histoire militaire - Issues 46-48'', University of Michigan, 1980, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SJlmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22partly+annihilated+and+partly+taken+prisoner+within+15-20+days.+The+casualties+%22 page 227] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013601/https://books.google.com/books?id=SJlmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22partly+annihilated+and+partly+taken+prisoner+within+15-20+days.+The+casualties+%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}.</ref> Material losses, during the war, were enormous too.<ref>Robert W.D. Ball: ''Gun Digest Books, 2011'', {{ISBN|1440215448}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p40IsLJv80AC 237]{{Lidhje e vdekur}}</ref>|group=note}}<br />[[Skeda:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg|23px]] 1,100+ killed<ref>Pars Tuğlacı: [https://books.google.com/books?id=r2UMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Bu+sava%C5%9Fta+Ermenilerden+112+subay%2C+1150+er+esir+al%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%2C+1100%27den+fazla+Ermeni+de+%C3%B6ld%C3%BC%2C+bir%C3%A7ok+malzeme+ele+ge%C3%A7irildi%22 ''Tarih boyunca Batı Ermenileri''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013559/https://books.google.com/books?id=r2UMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Bu+sava%C5%9Fta+Ermenilerden+112+subay%2C+1150+er+esir+al%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%2C+1100%27den+fazla+Ermeni+de+%C3%B6ld%C3%BC%2C+bir%C3%A7ok+malzeme+ele+ge%C3%A7irildi%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}, Pars Yayın, 2004, {{ISBN|975-7423-06-8}}, p. 794.</ref><br />3,000+ prisoners<ref>[[Christopher J. Walker]], ''Armenia: The Survival of a Nation'', Croom Helm, 1980, [https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk <!-- quote="sub-governor Chalkhushian,". --> p. 310.]</ref><br />{{flagicon|FRA}} ~7,000
| casualties3       = 264,000 civilë grekë të vrarë<ref>Death by Government, [[Rudolph Rummel]], 1994.</ref> <br />60,000–250,000 civilë armenë të vrarë<ref name="Dad360-361">These are according to the figures provided by [[Aleksandr Myasnikyan|Alexander Miasnikyan]], the President of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Armenia, in a telegram he sent to the Soviet Foreign Minister [[Georgy Chicherin]] in 1921. Miasnikyan's figures were broken down as follows: of the approximately 60,000 Armenians who were killed by the Turkish armies, 30,000 were men, 15,000 women, 5,000 children, and 10,000 young girls. Of the 38,000 who were wounded, 20,000 were men, 10,000 women, 5,000 young girls, and 3,000 children. Instances of mass rape, murder and violence were also reported against the Armenian populace of Kars and Alexandropol: see [[Vahakn N. Dadrian]]. (2003). ''The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus''. New York: Berghahn Books, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCVJMAVoMM0C&q=%22total%20number%20killed%20by%20the%20Turks%20reached%2060%2C000%2C%20of%20which%2030%2C000%20were%20men%2C%2015%2C000%20women%2C%22&pg=PA360 pp. 360–361] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609013603/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCVJMAVoMM0C&pg=PA360&q=%22total%20number%20killed%20by%20the%20Turks%20reached%2060,000,%20of%20which%2030,000%20were%20men,%2015,000%20women,%22 |date=9 June 2022 }}. {{ISBN|1-57181-666-6}}.</ref><ref>Armenia : The Survival of a Nation, Christopher Walker, 1980, p. 230.</ref> <br />Mbi 15,000 civilë turq të vrarë në Frontin Perëndimor<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rummel|first1=R.J.|title=Statistics Of Turkey's Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP5.HTM|publisher=University of Hawai'i|language=en|access-date=6 janar 2017|archive-date=27 shkurt 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227164226/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP5.HTM|url-status=live}}</ref><br />30,000+ ndërtesa dhe 250+ fshatra të djegura deri në themel nga Ushtria Helenike dhe rebelët grekë/armenë.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Özdalga|first1=Elizabeth|title=The Last Dragoman: the Swedish Orientalist Johannes Kolmodin as Scholar, Activist and Diplomat (2006), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, p. 63|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1= Várdy|first1= Béla|title= Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Social Science Monographs. p. 190.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pFKNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA190|access-date= 6 janar 2019|language= en|isbn= 9780880339957|year= 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Toynbee|first1=Arnold|title=Toynbee, Arnold (6 April 1922) [9 March 1922], "Letter", The Times, Turkey.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Loder Park |first1=U.S. Vice-Consul James|title=Smyrna, 11 April 1923. US archives US767.68116/34|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=HG |first1=Howell|title=Report on the Nationalist Offensive in Anatolia, Istanbul: The Inter-Allied commission proceeding to Bourssa, F.O. 371-7898, no. E10383.(15 September 1922)|language=en}}</ref>
| notes             = {{hidden begin|title=Notes}} {{plainlist|
* {{note|aaa}}a. Kuva-yi Milliye erdhi nën komandën e [[Qeveria e Asamblesë së Madhe Kombëtare|Asamblesë së Madhe Kombëtare]] pas 4 shtatorit 1920.
* {{note|bbb}}b. Italia pushtoi Kostandinopojën dhe një pjesë të Anadollit jugperëndimor, por kurrë nuk luftoi drejtpërdrejt me ushtrinë turke. Gjatë pushtimit të saj, trupat italiane mbrojtën civilët turq, të cilët jetonin në zonat e pushtuara nga ushtria italiane, nga trupat greke dhe pranuan refugjatët turq që duhej të iknin nga rajonet e pushtuara nga ushtria greke.<ref>
Mevlüt Çelebi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130909190458/http://atam.gov.tr/milli-mucadelede-italyan-isgalleri/ ''Millî Mücadele'de İtalyan İşgalleri'' (English: Italian occupations during the National Struggle)], ''Journal of Atatürk Research Center'', issue 26.</ref> Në korrik 1921 Italia filloi të tërhiqte trupat e saj nga [[Anadolli]]n jugperëndimor.
* {{note|ccc}}c. [[Traktati i Ankarasë (1921)|Traktati i Ankarasë]] u nënshkrua në 1921 dhe [[Lufta Franko-Turke]] përfundoi kështu. Trupat franceze mbetën në [[Pushtimi i Kostandinopojës|Kostandinopojë]] me trupat e tjera aleate.
* {{note|ddd}}d. Mbretëria e Bashkuar pushtoi Konstandinopojën, më pas luftoi drejtpërdrejt kundër [[Kuva-yi Milliye|forcave të parregullta turke]] në [[Ofensiva Verore Greke|Ofensivën Verore Greke]] me trupat greke, megjithatë pas kësaj Mbretëria e Bashkuar nuk do të merrte pjesë në ndonjë tjetër të madhe duke luftuar.<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/19/102875743.pdf "British to defend Ismid-Black Sea line"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225165001/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/19/102875743.pdf |date=25 February 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'', 19 July 1920.</ref><ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/11/112662574.pdf "Greeks enter Brussa; Turkish raids go on"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227083001/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/11/112662574.pdf |date=27 February 2021 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 11 July 1920.</ref><ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/07/102866909.pdf "Turk Nationalists capture Beicos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301185438/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/07/07/102866909.pdf |date=1 March 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'', 7 July 1920.</ref><ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/03/18/118310149.pdf "Allies occupy Constantinople; seize ministries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225041628/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/03/18/118310149.pdf |date=25 February 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'', 18 March 1920.</ref> Moreover the British troops occupied several towns in Turkey such as [[Mudanya]].<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/05/01/96886774.pdf "British to fight rebels in Turkey"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224153827/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/05/01/96886774.pdf |date=24 February 2021 }}, ''The New York Times'', 1 May 1920.</ref> [[Amphibious warfare|Naval landing forces]] had tried to capture Mudanya as early as 25 June 1920, but stubborn Turkish resistance inflicted casualties on British forces and forced them to withdraw. There were many instances of successful delaying operations of small Turkish irregular forces against numerical superior enemy troops.<ref>Nurettin Türsan, Burhan Göksel: ''Birinci Askeri Tarih Semineri: bildiriler'', 1983, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nhdpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22t%C3%BCmenine+bir+g%C3%BCn+kaybettirmi%C5%9Fti%22 page 42] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124333/https://books.google.com/books?id=nhdpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22t%C3%BCmenine+bir+g%C3%BCn+kaybettirmi%C5%9Fti%22 |date=15 January 2023 }}.</ref> The United Kingdom, which also fought diplomatically against the [[Turkish National Movement]], came to the brink of a great war in September 1922 ([[Chanak Crisis]]).
* {{note|eee}}e. [[Kuva-yi Inzibatiye]] e kontrolluar nga osmanët ("Ushtria e Kalifatit") luftoi kundër revolucionarëve turq gjatë [[Ofensiva Verore Greke|Ofensivës Verore Greke]] dhe qeveria osmane në Kostandinopojë mbështeti [[Revolta gjatë Luftës për Pavarësi Turke|revolta]] të tjera (p.sh. [[Revolta e Ahmet Anzavur|Anzavur]]).
* {{note|fff}}f. Greqia mori 22,071 të burgosur ushtarakë dhe civilë. Prej tyre ishin 520 oficerë dhe 6002 ushtarë. Gjatë shkëmbimit të të burgosurve në vitin 1923, në Turqi mbërritën 329 oficerë, 6002 ushtarë dhe 9410 të burgosur civilë. 6,330 të mbeturit, kryesisht të burgosur civilë, me sa duket vdiqën në robërinë greke.<ref name="ahmet"/>
}}
{{hidden end}}
| casus             = [[Ndarja e Perandorisë Osmane]]
| commander1        = [[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Mustafa Qemal Ataturku|Mustafa Kemal Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Mustafa Fevzi Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[İsmet İnönü|Mustafa İsmet Pasha]]<br/>{{nowrap|[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Kazım Karabekir|Kazım Karabekir Pasha]]}}<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Fahrettin Altay|Fahrettin Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Ali Fuat Cebesoy|Ali Fuat Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Refet Bele|Refet Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Nureddin Pasha]]
| commander2        = [[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine I]]<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Alexander of Greece|Alexander I]]<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Eleftherios Venizelos]]<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Anastasios Papoulas]]<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Georgios Hatzianestis]]<br />{{nowrap|[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Leonidas Paraskevopoulos]]}}<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Kimon Digenis]]{{POW}}<br />[[Skeda:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|23px]] [[Nikolaos Trikoupis]]{{POW}}<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Gouraud (general)|Henri Gouraud]]<br />[[Skeda:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg|23px]] [[Drastamat Kanayan]]<br />[[Skeda:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg|23px]] [[Movses Silikyan]]<br />[[Skeda:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|23px]] [[George Milne, 1st Baron Milne|Sir George Milne]]<br /><hr>[[Skeda:Imperial standard of the Ottoman Sultan.svg|23px]] [[Mehmed VI]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Damat Ferid Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Süleyman Şefik Pasha]]<br/>[[Skeda:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|23px]] [[Anzavur Ahmed Pasha]]
}}
'''Lufta për Pavarësi Turke''' ([[Gjuha turke|Turqisht]]: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı'' '''Lufta e Çlirimit''', gjithashtu i njohur figurativisht ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Lufta për pavarësi" ose ''Millî Mücadele'' "Fushata Kombëtare"; 19 maj 1919 – 24 korrik 1923) u luftua midis [[Lëvizja Kombëtare Turke|Lëvizjes Kombëtare Turke]] dhe fuqive [[Aleatët e Luftës së Parë Botërore|Aleate]] pasi pjesët të [[Perandoria Osmane|Perandorisë Osmane]] [[Ndarja e Perandorisë Osmane|u pushtuan dhe u ndanë pas humbjes së Osmanëve]] në [[Lufta e Parë Botërore|Luftën e Parë Botërore]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-44425/Turkey|title=Turkey, Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish War of Independence, 1919–23|language=en|access-date=29 tetor 2007|year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Encarta">{{cite web|publisher=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefEdList.aspx?refid=210034335|title=Turkish War of Independence|language=en|access-date=29 tetor 2007|year=2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515195518/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefEdList.aspx?refid=210034335|archive-date=15 maj 2008}}</ref><ref name="History.com">{{cite web|publisher=History.com Encyclopedia|url= http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=224643|title=Turkey, Section: Occupation and War of Independence|language=en|access-date=29 tetor 2007|year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024083934/http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=224643|archive-date=24 tetor 2007}}</ref>

[[Lëvizja Kombëtare Turke]] në [[Anadolli|Anadoll]] arriti kulmin në formimin e [[Asambleja e Madhe Kombëtare|Asamblesë së Madhe Kombëtare]] (turqisht: ''Büyük Millet Meclisi'') nga [[Mustafa Qemal Ataturku]] dhe kolegët e tij. Pas përfundimit të fronteve turko – [[Armenia|armene]], franko-turke dhe [[Lufta Greko-Turke (1919-1922)|greko-turke]] (shpesh të referuara si Fronti Lindor, Fronti Jugor dhe Fronti Perëndimor i luftës, përkatësisht), [[Traktati i Sèvres]] u braktis dhe Traktatet të [[Traktati i Karsit|Karsit]] (tetor 1921) dhe [[Traktati i Lozanës|Lozanës]] (korrik 1923) u nënshkruan. Aleatët u larguan nga Anadolli dhe [[Trakia Lindore]] dhe [[Asambleja e Madhe Kombëtare e Turqisë]] (e cila mbetet organi kryesor legjislativ i Turqisë sot) shpalli [[Turqia|Republikën e Turqisë]] më 29 tetor 1923.

Me krijimin e Lëvizjes Kombëtare Turke, ndarjen e Perandorisë Osmane dhe [[Shpërbërja e sulltanatit osman|heqjen e sulltanatit]], epoka osmane dhe perandorisë morën fund dhe me [[Reformat e Ataturkut|reformat e Ataturkut]], turqit krijuan shtetin modern, shtetin laik të Turqisë. Më 3 mars 1924, [[Hilafeti Osman|hilafeti osman]] u shfuqizua zyrtarisht dhe [[Hilafeti|kalifi i fundit]] [[Abdylmexhiti II|Abdylmexhit II]] u internua.

== Referime ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategoria:Lufta për pavarësi| ]]
[[Kategoria:Lufta që përfshinë Turqinë]]
[[Kategoria:Lufta që përfshinë Greqinë]]
[[Kategoria:Lufta që përfshinë Perandorinë Osmane]]
[[Kategoria:Luftëra të pavarsisë]]