Pandora

Pandora (Greqisht: Πανδώρα , rrjedh nga πᾶν , pān, δῶρον "të gjithë" dhe δῶρον, dōron, d.m.th. "dhuratë", pra "i gjithëdhuruari", "gjithë dhurata" ose "dhurimi i gjithanshëm") në mitologjinë greke ishte gruaja, femra e parë njerëzore e krijuar nga Hefesti me udhëzimet e Zeusit . ^[1] ^[2] Sipas Hesiodit, secila Perëndi bashkëpunoi duke dhënë dhuratat e saj unike. Emri tjetër i saj - i gdhendur në një kylix e që ndodhet në Muzeun Britanik është ^[3] Anesidora, "ajo që dërgon dhurata" ^[4] (duke nënkuptuar këtu kontekstin "nga poshtë" nga brenda tokës).

Miti i Pandorës është një lloj teodiceje, duke trajtuar pyetjen se pse ekziston e keqja në botë. Sipas kësaj, Pandora hapi një kuti (pithos), duke lëshuar të gjitha të këqijat e njerëzimit, e që në rrëfimet moderne ndonjëherë trajtohet si "Kutia e Pandorës". Interpretimi i Hesiodit për historinë e Pandorës vazhdoi të ndikojë në teologjinë hebraike dhe të krishterë dhe kështu përjetësoi reputacionin e saj të keq në kohën e Rilindjes. Poetë, dramaturgë, piktorë dhe skulptorë të mëvonshëm e bënë atë temën e tyre dhe gjatë pesë shekujve kontribuuan në njohuri të reja për motivet dhe rëndësinë e saj.

Galeria

Madame Vestris në Prometheus dhe Pandora, - 1831
Sopranoja suedeze Christina Nilsson si Pandora nga Alexandre Cabanel, 1873
Jane Morris - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1879
Fotogrami i Yvonne Gregory, pozë nga një pikturë, 1919

Shih edhe

Shënime

^ "Scatter-brained [of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed." (Hesiod, Theogony 510 ff (Hugh G. White, translator)
^ Grimal, Pierre (1990). "Pandora". përmbledhur nga Kershaw, Stephen (red.). A concise dictionary of Classical Mythology (në anglisht). A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop (translator). Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. ISBN 0-631-16696-3.
^ B.M. 1881,0528.1: White ground technique' cup from Nola, painted by the Tarquinia painter, c. 470–460 BCE (British Museum on-line catalogue entry Arkivuar 22 tetor 2012 tek Wayback Machine)
^ Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion 3rd ed., 1922:281. If Anesidora/Pandora were already "all-gifted", this would be an instance of mythic inversion.

Literatura

Athanassakis, A. Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days, Shield (New York 1983).
Beall, E. "The Contents of Hesiod's Pandora Jar: Erga 94–98," Hermes 117 (1989) 227–30.
Harrison, Jane Ellen, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1903) 1922, pp. 280–85.
Griffith, Mark. Aeschylus Prometheus Bound Text and Commentary (Cambridge 1983).
Hesiod; Works and Days, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hesiod, Works and Days, ed. with prolegomena and commentary (Oxford 1978).
Hesiod, Theogony, and Works and Days (Oxford 1988).
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Patrick Kaplanian, Mythes grecs d'Origine, volume I, Prométhée et Pandore, Ed. L'entreligne, Paris 2011, distribution Daudin
Kenaan, Pandora's Senses: The Feminine Character of the Ancient Text (Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2008), pp. xii, 253 (Wisconsin Studies in Classics).
Kirk, G.S., Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures (Berkeley 1970) 226–32.
Lamberton, Robert, Hesiod, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-300-04068-7. Cf. Chapter II, "The Theogony", and Chapter III, "The Works and Days", especially pp. 96–103 for a side-by-side comparison and analysis of the Pandora story.
Leinieks, V. "Elpis in Hesiod, Works and Days 96," Philologus 128 (1984) 1–8.
Meagher, Robert E.; The Meaning of Helen: in Search of an Ancient Icon, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1995. ISBN 978-0-86516-510-6.
Moore, Clifford H. The Religious Thought of the Greeks, 1916.
Neils, Jenifer, The Girl in the Pithos: Hesiod's Elpis, in "Periklean Athens and its Legacy. Problems and Perspectives", eds. J. M. Barringer and J. M. Hurwit (Austin : University of Texas Press), 2005, pp. 37–45.
Nilsson, Martin P. History of Greek Religion, 1949.
Panofsky, Dora and Erwin, Pandoras Box - The Changing Aspects of a Mythical Symbol, Bollingen Series 52, New York 1956
Phipps, William E., Eve and Pandora Contrasted, in Theology Today, v.45, n.1, April 1988, Princeton: Princeton Theological Seminary.
Pucci, Pietro, Hesiod and the Language of Poetry (Baltimore 1977)
Rose, Herbert Jennings, A Handbook of Greek Literature; From Homer to the Age of Lucian, London, Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1934. Cf. especially Chapter III, Hesiod and the Hesiodic Schools, p. 61
Schlegel, Catherine and Henry Weinfield, "Introduction to Hesiod" in Hesiod / Theogony and Works and Days, University of Michigan Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-472-06932-3.
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Pando'ra"
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Anesido'ra"
Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv 1–382 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985). ISBN 90-04-07465-1. This work has a very in-depth discussion and synthesis of the various theories and speculations about the Pandora story and the jar. Cf. p. 62 and onwards.
Vernant, J. P., Myth and Society in Ancient Greece (New York 1990) 183–201.
Vernant, J. P. « Le mythe prométhéen chez Hésiode », in Mythe et société en Grèce ancienne, Paris, Maspéro, 1974, pp. 177–194
Warner, M., Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form (New York 1985) 213–40
West, M. L., Hesiod, Theogony, ed. with prolegomena and commentary (Oxford 1966).
West, M. L., Hesiod, Works and Days, ed. with prolegomena and commentary (Oxford 1978).
Zarecki, Jonathan P., "Pandora and the Good Eris in Hesiod", Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 47 (2007) 5–29
Zeitlin, Froma. Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature (Princeton 1995).

[1] "Scatter-brained [of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed." (Hesiod, Theogony 510 ff (Hugh G. White, translator)

[PandoraBlDictOfClMythology-2] Grimal, Pierre (1990). "Pandora". përmbledhur nga Kershaw, Stephen (red.). A concise dictionary of Classical Mythology (në anglisht). A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop (translator). Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. ISBN 0-631-16696-3.

[3] B.M. 1881,0528.1: White ground technique' cup from Nola, painted by the Tarquinia painter, c. 470–460 BCE (British Museum on-line catalogue entry Arkivuar 22 tetor 2012 tek Wayback Machine)

[4] Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion 3rd ed., 1922:281. If Anesidora/Pandora were already "all-gifted", this would be an instance of mythic inversion.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]